Selling CVV Data Online: Legal Status and Definitions

Short answer

This page cannot serve as a guide for building a site that sells CVV data. Selling card verification values, full card numbers, or cardholder records is a federal crime in the United States. The content below covers what the term means and which laws apply.

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What a CVV is

A CVV is a 3-digit code on the back of most Visa, Mastercard, and Discover cards, or a 4-digit code on the front of American Express cards. It is generated from the card number, expiration date, and a key held by the issuer. The code exists to prove the physical card is present in a card-not-present transaction.

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Card networks use the term CVV2, CVC2, or CID depending on the issuer. The code is not stored in the magnetic stripe. Merchants are barred by card network rules from storing it after authorization.

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Why selling it is illegal

18 U.S.C. § 1029 covers fraud and related activity in connection with access devices. The statute applies to producing, selling, transferring, or possessing counterfeit or unauthorized access devices. A payment card and its CVV fall under that definition. Penalties reach 15 years for aggravated cases and include fines.

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18 U.S.C. § 1343 covers wire fraud, which applies when card data moves across state lines or through the internet. 18 U.S.C. § 1028A adds a mandatory 2-year term for aggravated identity theft when a real cardholder's data is used.

Enforcement pattern

The FBI and U.S. Secret Service run carding investigations. Prosecutions typically follow takedowns of forums and marketplaces, then trace payouts through payment processors and cryptocurrency exchanges.

What cardholders should do

The FTC directs card fraud victims to IdentityTheft.gov and to the card issuer. Report the charge, request a replacement card, and place a fraud alert with the three credit bureaus.

More

Read our complete guide: Buy CVV Cheap: Pricing, Risks, and What First-Time Buyers Need to Know